tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78696576881961911032024-03-12T18:15:53.899-07:00StefanEekenulv-THINK!Not only a tweet or a bloggpost... more thinking is put into these THINK!papers - and all the ideas are tested in real life projects and organisations...Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-87794480493605306082019-06-05T04:01:00.003-07:002019-09-27T04:56:43.722-07:004 types of documentation – towards Pragmatic Knowledge representation<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">There is a lot of confusion caused by the Agile manifesto
simplification regarding “documentation”.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I will address this and also highlight a concept you just HAVE TO learn
and know about (if you did not already), </span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Parsimony!</span></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Parsimony</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />
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Parsimony is also called ”Occam's razor”. It means that given two equally
accurate answers, science prefers the simpler. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Einstein’s classic quote is a bit false as he was AGAINST simplifying to the point that laypersons might understand -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>if it were simple enough to understand, it wouldn’t be a discovery worth
lauding!<br />
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The full quote is in fact:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<img border="0" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSUbKWx7SQtjTfqSse-JcIKOIzrOSKRet39HPMsd96skfzScn9906x-k8QqFsR71zIdST5etlb8o1-Tagc4XJz5B1DTPxpYKOFnLLAKSGAuz76Pom2Q0OvEsm3TgdGlninkwRmJqcUbEG1/s640/quote_1.jpg" width="640" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and</span></div>
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<img border="0" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrHCZsaWd6HapZYUL2r0ciD4eYIdQE8oCCfUSOkxSAKEmowcs4VpqOB_r4XP14ciKYqP9Tu13RWpUUulvDq5ta_bbkbNjtbNTXiVNsz_MO7fH7XI7hDiv7hd8m4QEXlV0AKsn1_JmUEMLG/s640/quote_2.jpg" width="640" /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />It is sad that the use of ”make it simple” has been
”<b><span style="color: red;">stupefied</span></b>” to a degree where we can actually choose an apple instead of a full
dinner plate, stating that it is simplification without reflecting on parsimony.<br /><br />The second part of the famous quotes from
both Einstein and DaVinci which is so often left out or ”forgotten”, means that
we can not compare things regarding ”simplicity” if they do not have the same
effect and context. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The act of simplifying is about transformation: to start with a
complex statement or representation and to make it more naturally understood and remembered. BUT the
transformation result must maintain ALL the needed complexity. Any simplification risk compromising the
“truth and the real problem”, and along with the validity of the statement can
be completely lost!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In software development, ”simplify” often result in
”<span style="color: red;"><b>stupidify</b></span>”, as we lose knowledge and/or represent the knowledge in an
ambiguous way, even if we use nice colours and happy smiling hand-drawn
cartoons. <br /><br /><u>Remember</u>: The complex does not disappear if we hug each other or hold hands in
a ring. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The result of a stupid simplification will often lead to
stupid decisions!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Comprehensive
documentation</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />So
what does ”comprehensive documentation” really mean. If you do not understand
that there are different TYPES of documentation with different needs depending
on the situation and the involved stakeholders, then read the quote by
William Blake: ”if you generalize, you are an idiot!”</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Too much of the WRONG TYPE of documentation is BAD, but not
enough documentation of some other type of knowledge representation can be even
worse and extremely stupid!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In fact, if a ”map” helps you to understand and get from ”A
to B” faster and is more ”economically sound”, then ”draw the f...ng map!”... </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To talk about the weather does not solve the problem. To talk about all the
details in a blueprint without having a blueprint is just stupid! </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Talk ABOUT the blueprint (and do the updates
in the ”map”). <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">So which types of documentation should we
consider to become smarter?</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The 4 types of Knowledge
representation</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">We need effective and efficient communication </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">in Agile methods because of its focus on short
feedback cycles and personal interactivity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We should </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">not only talk but rather “talk about” something i.e. an
important knowledge representation that can be read at any time, can be updated
and changed iteratively (=“update the map with input from the reality”).<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">We should </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Identify the need for a “keeping
knowledge” longer than “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">the
timespan of the mechanical wave that results from the back and forth vibration
of the particles of the air</span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">” (i.e. talk) and give a Rationale (logical
explanation) why it is important to “store” the information, for whom, and what
can happen if we do not represent the talk with a more persistent
representation (= the possible impact)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">It is often so that specific domains, products, project
contexts </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">require certain information in
a specific format or representation for specific regulators to follow the law.
And some information has a lasting value beyond the initial development effort.
<br /><br />We need to be able to predict which knowledge will be needed in the
future. In those cases (and they are many!) verbal communication is not enough
semantically powerful, and “only talk” often lead to inefficient, misleading
communication and different interpretations where the “internal models” do not
match at all ... But the participants are not even aware before it is too late,
and bad decisions are already made.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Representing knowledge (e.g.
writing, drawing/modelling) is also necessary as a means to improve and support
the thought processes and the “mental model” for understanding. The improved
thinking and understanding will last even if the documents created, is “thrown
away” and not stored or updated, as the process of “drawing the map” forces
people to ask questions that enhance understanding and often creates a new way
of thinking!</span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If we use the “right type of map” it will make us
smarter! We will also get a better
understanding and updated thinking when we communicate using “a map” (=
Knowledge Representation) than without!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">However, we need to become experts in identifying the important
Knowledge that we need to represent in a smart and persistent way.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A good way to start is to NOT only talk about “documentation”
as an Agile zealot, but classify all possible documents according to the 4 types
of Knowledge representation as shown above. <br /><br />
We should definitely ask ourselves if a <b>“living product/project backlog” is
sufficient. For real!</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Legally Necessary Documentation </span><br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />Certain product- and project
contexts </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">demand certain information in
a specific format for a set of identified regulators. Just to follow the law!<br /><br />
It means that the specific Knowledge Representations <b>MUST</b> be a part of the
product, and without it, we will be breaking a set of laws and standards! In
other words, we MUST create, read and update these documents </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">to obtain
legal approval for the product/project work we are doing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">For example, building a dog house or a simple website is not
the same thing as building systems (both processes and automatic systems!) for </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">nuclear plants or </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">the health care sector. The lack of the correct set of documentation can
thus have a huge on the company as a whole...yeas I am thinking about Boeing in
the </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">avionics sector.</span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Preservation Documentation </span><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />We need to know which </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">information that has a lasting value beyond the
initial development effort. </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">We should ask ourselves what
is the “shared archive for the team, product and organization”?</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Can we live with the risk of
being dependent on the memory capacity of the individual team members and “the
risk of someone forgetting”, which is a reality when dealing with tacit
knowledge, only in the head of the people involved and those who happened to be
present in the set of meeting in which the concepts were “discussed”... </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">How you come across situations
like: “why did we decide to implement this?”. <br />In many cases, we gain time and
are agile by keeping some sort of representation of discussions about decisions
“outside the head”. If we do not all have the same idea on the goals that the
system was built to achieve<br />
or which use cases that are the most important
for the automatic system and the manual process, then we will probably have
some major problems in the future (or giving someone else an impossible task).
We need to save decisions made during development on why we have included or
excluded certain functionalities, constraints and why we have focused on
certain quality attribute values and not cared about others. Or why we did not
involve stakeholders from group X, but we spent a lot of time with stakeholders
representing domain A and B...</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It is often the team itself
that identify what they want to preserve & “formally remember”. <br /><br /><b>To be agile is
to be smart!.</b>..do not be agile stupid and “throw away” a “map” that can help
you to understand and do your job faster and more effectively as well as enhance
communication. To throw away important knowledge because some “manifesto guy
tells you to simplify” is like not using a hammer while building with wood and
nails. Just stupid. <br /><br />If you need requirements and test cases for specific parts
of the system, just represent that knowledge!</span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Documentation for Communication </span><br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />One size does NOT fit all, and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">direct
verbal communication is <b>NOT</b> always the best!</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Verbal communication is often <b>not
enough semantically powerful</b>... which can lead to inefficient, misleading
communication and different interpretations, “internal models” impossible to
validate, etc...</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">There are in fact a lot of
communication challenges related to the verbal focus:</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">When dealing with distributed
teams and when you have time restrictions for stakeholders, it is not easy to
“just talk”. We often have language barriers and cultural differences that can
complicate already complex information to unsurmountable mountains. Talking
about a complex “map” is almost impossible! </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Do the test: explain a route in a
country you do not know only using words. And then try to do the same but also
using a map. Talking ABOUT the “map” is a sure way to communicate better!<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">To re-read and iteratively
update a “conversation”, you have to have an eidetic memory, for most people it
is impossible. Using a diagram to represent a complicated algorithm is not only
smart, but it also guarantees iterations and enhancements as the diagram will
always be open to enhancements (“let’s continue where we left off”). The
conversational situation will NEVER be found again and can not be “re-read” by
external parties that were not present in the moment. <br /><br />
We should also be open and agile for the fact that a lot of stakeholders prefer
written documents, visual diagrams and info graphs, rather than just meetings,
talk or reading the source code</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />We should never document for
the sake of documenting, but IF communication documentation is successful then we should definitely archive the knowledge representation. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Everything else
would be stupid!” ...and we do not want to be agile stupid, do we?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Documentation for Thinking!</span><br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />One of the most important uses of representation is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">to improve and support thinking & understanding.
We want to represent knowledge (e.g. writing, drawing/modelling <b>to enhance
our </b>thought processes and the “mental models” and to be able to do that not
only individually but also collaborate on a “collective mental model”</span></span></div>
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<img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHYRvfPpwyvDXWh8d8xsTK2PD5YzwxWfvuLwtPFQVol9jxjcPL2_1GSTID2CuM_scBChYIJ7eKwK6WXs9RbURzlexpg8mNadsitZTgLxmuY09Dn7H8bE1gqb_v6-Eztaa7Dy7-gFjVNKWh/s200/Modeling+is+FUN_4.png" width="198" /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />
The happy part is that improved thinking and understanding will last even
if the knowledge representation created for the specific problem is “thrown
away” and not stored or updated!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />
The process of “drawing the map” forces people to ask questions that enhance
the understanding and often creates a new way of thinking! AND it is possible
to SHARE!</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A common example is to stop
talking or textually writing a use case, and instead of creating an activity
diagram of the use case flow. This forces the talker/writer to THINK about
concrete interactions between the system and the actors including, exceptions
and alternative scenarios etc..</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">It means that the Activity
diagram is specific Knowledge representation tool to store the knowledge and
understanding of </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">a system. Talking about the system via the activity diagram
enhance the communication by the power of the syntax and semantics. <br />And it has
nothing to do with drawing funny cartoons on flip charts. <br /><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Be happy.
Be smart. <span style="color: red;">Don’t be agile stupid!</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To get more
inspiration:<br />
Read some of the excellent IREB documents from FL, AL modelling and the RE@Agile
courses. <br />
Or apply for one of my seminars!</span></span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBEbeUcezhLX5W6T_8PPGUzY05U_pXDZu-We_2tTiuNWM6R9DXZ3Lb3nYv7_dLAxfgGWeOiBSb_oU4E4bbTBdK3qesPi-TZruZlnV7ltDcjq4RUHYC7vFSbPsfMbpveXba0nok1XQGz6PM/s1600/THANX_stefan_eekenulv.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1587" data-original-width="1567" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBEbeUcezhLX5W6T_8PPGUzY05U_pXDZu-We_2tTiuNWM6R9DXZ3Lb3nYv7_dLAxfgGWeOiBSb_oU4E4bbTBdK3qesPi-TZruZlnV7ltDcjq4RUHYC7vFSbPsfMbpveXba0nok1XQGz6PM/s200/THANX_stefan_eekenulv.png" width="196" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-46307165063317845412018-05-15T02:38:00.001-07:002018-09-05T00:16:56.730-07:007 frågor som du bör ställa i alla projekt<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Ibland känns det som att både begreppet "krav" och "model" har blivit "fula ord" i en ofta struktur- och kunskapsfientlig låtsas-agil projektmiljö. <br />Men för mig är kunskapsrepresentation, som dessutom är pragmatisk (dvs. funkar på riktigt i verkligheten) det mest agila som finns</span></div>
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">7 frågor att ställa</span></b><br />
Nedan följer de huvudfrågor som jag ställer i alla typer av projekt:<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“K <sub>needed</sub>”</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vilken kunskap behövs och vad är det
vi behöver förstå (i den givna situationen och kontexten, med ett prioriterat
antal intressenter, vyer och problemdefinitioner)?</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“R <sub>best possible</sub>”</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
Vilken skulle vara den bästa möjlig representationen av kunskapen om vi hade
oändligt med resurser och hade tillgång till "the best of the best"
inom erfarenhet och kunskap? <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">are
we doing it?</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ”</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
Är det den representationen vi använder idag?<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“R
<sub>now</sub>”</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
Hur representeras denna nödvändiga kunskap idag? I huvudet på folk eller i
textdokument eller rentav enbart i koden?<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Impact</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">with no R </span></sub></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">”<sub><br />
</sub></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vad skulle hända om vi inte representerade
kunskapen alls, utan lät den bara vara kvar i huvudet på de inblandade och
enbart förmedlades genom prat eller ickestrukturerade sketcher på en
whiteboard?</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></sub></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“R
<sub>good-enough</sub>”<sub><br />
</sub></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vilken är den bästa representationen
vi kan göra idag med de tillgängliga resurser vi har med de begränsningar vi
utsätts för)? Ska verkligen representationen bara "finnas i huvudet på
folk" (tacit knowledge) eller ska den fångas enligt konstens alla regler med
både syntax, semantik och Well-formed Formulas?<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“R <sub>pragmatic</sub>”</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
Hur gör vi representationen så tillgänglig och effektfull (pragmatisk!) som
möjligt för att nå de givna projektmålen inom de givna ramarna och
spelreglerna? Behöver vi undervisa och lyfta folk i tanken, eller måste vi
förenkla representationen ytterligare eller baka ihop den med existerande
ramverk och integrera i existerande verktyg och mallar?</span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirOyMBrY0IBFnxXKs35BwGAmB3v9lIvJXMHbcB1Tl-PTAUsf1ppaY2BQl3egMZAt_35s5hyTzUFtjepHyU-NTADb5tmwAcdVDQ-hftN2DPVIYkgSrDaRGSHLap5zo1Xr4Hl3TVoTgGPtdU/s1600/7+Questions+for+PKR+ver0.2+.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirOyMBrY0IBFnxXKs35BwGAmB3v9lIvJXMHbcB1Tl-PTAUsf1ppaY2BQl3egMZAt_35s5hyTzUFtjepHyU-NTADb5tmwAcdVDQ-hftN2DPVIYkgSrDaRGSHLap5zo1Xr4Hl3TVoTgGPtdU/s640/7+Questions+for+PKR+ver0.2+.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
OM du är intresserad av mitt senaste project kring “Post-it Thinking” </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
kolla in <a href="https://post-it-thinking.blogspot.se/">https://post-it-thinking.blogspot.se/ </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">En pragmatisk metafor<br />
</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Att arbeta som verksamhetsanalytiker
(Business Analyst - BA) eller kravingenjör (Requirements Engineer - RE) innebär
att man är som <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Christofer Columbus</b>.
På sju sjösjuka sjömäns hav i stormens vildsinta krängningar av den
plattform/båt vi befinner oss på och där allt yr omkring och det blåser olika
vindar, där försöker vi rita kartor! Vi ritar sällan en ny karta, men
verifierar och validerar den som finns och lägger till viktiga saker som är
värda att "kartifiera" så att alla kan få nytta av det vi upptäckt.
Vi utforskar och vågar segla de mest stormfyllda vatten eftersom vi litar på
våra kartor och vår förmåga att navigera. Ju bättre karta, desto lättare är det
att navigera och ju smartare väg kan vi ta för att nå snabbare fram till hamn. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
</span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Smart och agil segling innebär inte mindre
information, utan rätt information<br />
för den givna (väder)situationen och de
hinder som identifierats.</span></span></i><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Som BA/RE skapar vi rätt karta som är
tillräckligt bra för att ge nytta och den eftersökta positiva effekten! </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>En karta förbättras kontinuerligt och ger
upphov till nya tankar och ger förmågan till helhetssyn! <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Segla inte rakt ut i havet utan att
veta vart du ska och utan förmåga att fånga det du ser och upplever.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahOvD-rmL3E_uvNP5JBWk9DNIREJGZbmtqCxmzl_iCZd01pyplLeggeUG9bkkWRI5N0oHHl4Qo6HQwbn6kwkqv5TsIERgBk9pO5RaSD8C1ISGkv7MCyXMA-gWjlcMmfZHUPemej6toKsv/s1600/skattkarta.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="652" data-original-width="808" height="515" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahOvD-rmL3E_uvNP5JBWk9DNIREJGZbmtqCxmzl_iCZd01pyplLeggeUG9bkkWRI5N0oHHl4Qo6HQwbn6kwkqv5TsIERgBk9pO5RaSD8C1ISGkv7MCyXMA-gWjlcMmfZHUPemej6toKsv/s640/skattkarta.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Det är viktigt att sätta fokus på <b>VAD
</b>vi måste ha koll på och veta, <b>HUR </b>vi ska representera det så att alla förstår, så
att vi slipper göra en massa omtag och rita om kartan varje gång. <br /><br />
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dessutom så måste vi använda vår erfarenhet för att få det att funka i
praktiken på ett så smart sätt som möjligt med vår enorma verktygslåda och de
tankar och resurser som redan finns på plats!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">En korrekt modell som inte används
<br />är en dålig modell!</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></i></b>
<b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></i></b>
<b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">som</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> VLOGG </span><span style="font-size: large;">i 3 delar:<br /></span></span></span></i></b><br />
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><i>del 1: <a href="https://youtu.be/F5dn7Xhub3o">https://youtu.be/F5dn7Xhub3o</a></i></b></span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span>
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>del 2: </b></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://youtu.be/ShaDeATTZC0">https://youtu.be/ShaDeATTZC0</a></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>del 3: <a href="https://youtu.be/db4ZpWDiNPc">https://youtu.be/db4ZpWDiNPc</a></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<b><i><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">som</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> POD:</span></span></span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_182126796"><br /></a></span></span></i></b>
<span style="line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b><i><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/x899z0a6vg5s3wk/VLOGG_001_7%20fr%C3%A5gor_KRaRIRR_mp31.mp3?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/x899z0a6vg5s3wk/VLOGG_001_7%20fr%C3%A5gor_KRaRIRR_mp31.mp3?dl=0</a></i></b></span></span><br />
<b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></i></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGXvp_56KEh4D40vHe6XiweTBYbhXnz9UymcBEm7cNVhrUIYPlibUzPW69XVquvkfPnmNHRCKTN8pb9shKK8s2y7AbKTUskiicwnMnYrikUCylElyUu28XH5uVqb20tYYmqFWTOw2z2V_k/s1600/om+stefan_BLOGG+avslut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="960" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGXvp_56KEh4D40vHe6XiweTBYbhXnz9UymcBEm7cNVhrUIYPlibUzPW69XVquvkfPnmNHRCKTN8pb9shKK8s2y7AbKTUskiicwnMnYrikUCylElyUu28XH5uVqb20tYYmqFWTOw2z2V_k/s640/om+stefan_BLOGG+avslut.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-47225791501525661712016-10-18T01:53:00.000-07:002016-10-18T01:53:04.181-07:00Översikt av RACI(PeSQ) - en utökad och förbättrad RACI-modell<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVyyRblNq3hNGYtFVd0CdybCKSth5rjVknvxk1SdLi1nVJhbHD9eZsILZQ5BhNcVxcFoazpWsVstgaBEezRqAC8xdp2CUxKgKaopXUogkLf2EXcaOB1ZCRg_6SjN91Y8QqRQtMnMtQcntr/s1600/Bild1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVyyRblNq3hNGYtFVd0CdybCKSth5rjVknvxk1SdLi1nVJhbHD9eZsILZQ5BhNcVxcFoazpWsVstgaBEezRqAC8xdp2CUxKgKaopXUogkLf2EXcaOB1ZCRg_6SjN91Y8QqRQtMnMtQcntr/s320/Bild1.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO6T-rAwgWbacH7VamrxMkO2TVYtsoNDaPVdx76t6KTIcH4nLHaoRWoq-uotUYH8zZ_Mxkem2D8os96UqmOuMoZd9l7ZwTog6BDkHVBe1LZ9FQXePRLmjfmTcc15dLRoWaYVm8HWWVZM1m/s1600/Bild2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO6T-rAwgWbacH7VamrxMkO2TVYtsoNDaPVdx76t6KTIcH4nLHaoRWoq-uotUYH8zZ_Mxkem2D8os96UqmOuMoZd9l7ZwTog6BDkHVBe1LZ9FQXePRLmjfmTcc15dLRoWaYVm8HWWVZM1m/s320/Bild2.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisBx5v2xEg1yI79CeumLCmA6-IFxrLWFmrPmCRwYh1q_NwPBlOUP1ERpltf4dhKnJi_eBCylE5lO0mgQSDSmWj15z6_EIlW5oU4d8nXPyhQD1Lg_NnPDUKcqJwAjYuZoc-FgTW5Whvnzg2/s1600/Bild3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisBx5v2xEg1yI79CeumLCmA6-IFxrLWFmrPmCRwYh1q_NwPBlOUP1ERpltf4dhKnJi_eBCylE5lO0mgQSDSmWj15z6_EIlW5oU4d8nXPyhQD1Lg_NnPDUKcqJwAjYuZoc-FgTW5Whvnzg2/s320/Bild3.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/cmzjvyr4sb8lxzi/RACI%28PeSQ%29_visualisering_A3_SVENSKA_Informed-Informer_v.1.3_161015.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">pdf version</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-78066269906450304022016-09-12T03:19:00.003-07:002016-09-12T03:19:35.610-07:00Ett litet tänk kring Intressenter, Roller, Rollkategorier och Egenskaper<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Intressenter, Roller, Rollkategorier och Egenskaper hänger ihop. Men hur?<br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Rollegenskaperna är klart intressanta för att </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">att
visualisera och utföra en strategisk analys kring vad gruppen behöver och</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">vad den enskilda individen ska satsa på för
att helheten ska bli så bra som möjligt.</span></div>
<br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Så efter att du kikat på dessa LEARN-slides så kan du börja använda ordet: </span></div>
</span><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">”</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Specifik</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Intressentrollkategoriattributgruppering</span>”</div>
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">....eller inte ;-)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span><div style="font-size: 20pt;">
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<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/txfkgdrsu55073g/LEARN_Intressent-Roll-Rollkategori-Egenskaper_160912.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">pdf version</a></div>
</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-62590853640018369982016-08-10T03:55:00.002-07:002016-08-10T03:57:26.275-07:00eSPRACIQ ...en smart utökning av RACI-modellen<div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri";">e</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "calibri";">S</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "calibri";">P</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">RACI</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "calibri";">Q
</span></b><span style="font-family: "calibri";">är en effektiv utökning av den
klassiska RACI-modellen. <br />Begreppen ”Accountability” och ”Responsibility” är
svåra att översätta <br />och saknar ofta en konsistent tolkning och förklaring. <br /><b><span style="color: red;">Det
saknas helt enkelt delar i den enkla RACI-modellen! </span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Den
utökade modellen, e</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "calibri";">S</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "calibri";">P</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">RACI</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "calibri";">Q</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
är ett mycket mer kraftfullt verktyg för att ta sig från Processkartläggning
till Rollbeskrivningar.</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: sv; line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">“Att
beskriva roller och ansvar, <br />
är en av de viktigaste arbetsuppgifterna inom processkartläggning <br />
och processdrivet förbättringsarbete”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/9659jgdhvb9j42u/THINK%21_eSPRACIQ_ShortVersion_160810.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">short version pdf (8 sidor)</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.3333px;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/kb0tltq5yswqjjz/THINK%21_eSPRACIQ_LongVersion_160810.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">long version pdf (25 sidor)</a></span></div>
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<b><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/of58tejffoxipzm/eSPRACIQ_visualisering_A3_SVENSKA.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">länk till eSPRACIQ_visualisering</span></a></b></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-9147291681039969752016-08-01T04:38:00.000-07:002016-08-01T04:38:01.048-07:00The Black box-White box distinction<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>This short text is written with the aim to clear some confusions and to make all people more aware and proactive in the use case driven development. But the black-box-White-box thinking is also useful for structuring information and knowledge which often has to be worked into layers to be comprehensible and possible to use from different views and by different stakeholders.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Often, even experienced modelers have problems with the distinction between what should be modeled at a certain level versus what is known. When the black box restriction is not followed, it results in messy Use Case descriptions that are difficult to manage in a requirements changing environment. </b></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-88848830743093404022016-08-01T04:27:00.002-07:002016-08-01T04:27:58.442-07:00Kausalitet, Korrelation & Association<div style="direction: ltr; language: sv; line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Saker
och ting hänger ihop i världen! <br />Ju äldre man blir, ju mer erfarenhet man har
och ju mer ”utsatta situationer” man navigerat sig igenom, desto fler saker
kopplar man ihop och kan resonera kring. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Kompetensutveckling handlar
inte bara om att gå utbildningar och läsa böcker; det handlar lika mycket om
att leva och lära i verkligheten.<br />Men </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">tror
du verkligen att dina associationer är kausala?</span></span></div>
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<b><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/qc2pgtff1c2zu7e/think%21_Kausalitet%2C%20Korrelation%20%26%20Association.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Svensk pdf version</a></b></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-73467018785076473172016-08-01T04:19:00.005-07:002016-08-01T04:21:33.333-07:00Axiomatiska bilder<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 5.51pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 4.41pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 14.6933px;"><b>Skapa tydlighet genom förtydligande av grundläggande tankar och idéer</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 14.6933px;"><b>Axiomatiska bilder förtydligar och lyfter fram projektets gemensamma antaganden och utgör en start- och referenspunkt för tänkandet. </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 14.6933px;"><b>De skapar en gemensam syn på projektets verklighet</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 14.6933px;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Axiom</span> är en grundsats som accepteras utan bevis som ant</span><span style="line-height: 14.6933px;">as vara "självklart" SANN och </span><span style="line-height: 14.6933px;">gällande enligt de gängse konventionerna</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 14.6933px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Ett axiomatiskt system ger upphov till ett antal teorem (logisk följd)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">"Axiom" </span>kommer
från grekiskans "<span style="font-style: italic;">axioma" (</span>ἀξίωμα),
baserat på verbet "<span style="font-style: italic;">axioein</span>"
<br />som betyder "att anse något giltigt" / "att kräva”, och
från "<span style="font-style: italic;">axios</span>" med betydelsen "att vara i balans".
<br />Ett axiom för de tidiga grekiska filosoferna var ett påstående som
man kunde anse vara sant utan behov av något formellt bevis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/srecn2i07t225u2/THINK%21_axiomatiska%20bilder.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Svensk pdf version</a></b></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-2426684285089162332016-08-01T04:08:00.004-07:002016-08-01T04:09:41.214-07:00Begreppsmodellering<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">För att kunna skapa ett stabilt, flexibelt och pålitligt IT-stöd som effektivt stödjer och möjliggör verksamhetens mål krävs olika typer av beskrivande modeller <br />som alla har begreppsmodellen som grund. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">För att styra verksamheten på effektivt och bra sätt måste vi <br />använda ett språk som alla berörda kan förstå, som tolkas på ett entydigt sätt <br />och som är flexibelt och framtidssäkert.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/otjfn1wcks41mqd/THINK%21_begreppsmodellering.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Svensk pdf version</a></span></b></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7869657688196191103.post-8551538072918451622016-08-01T03:48:00.001-07:002016-08-01T03:50:02.444-07:00SPRIASECK-F!<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;">Många
projekt lider av ett Cowboy-syndrom</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;">. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Man tror att den som snabbast drar fram en eller flera lösningar vinner. <br />Man
”skjuter från höften” och hoppas på det bästa.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Men Trigger-happy solutions är sällan effektiva eller revolutionerande. <br />De är
bara snabba. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Ofta ganska dumma och kostar nästan alltid mer i slutändan. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">SPRIASECK-F metoden stoppar de som skjuter från höften <br />innan de förstått situationen</span><span style="font-size: large;">, problemet och vilka som påverkas både av problemet och av den tänkta lösningen!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">S</span><span style="font-size: large;">pecifik Situation </span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Hur ser "världen" och verkligheten ut? Beskriv omgivningen och bakgrunden vari problemet uppstår!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">P</span><span style="font-size: large;">roblem/Utmaning </span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Vad är Problemet/Utmaningen i den specifika situationen?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">R</span><span style="font-size: large;">ollen/Intressentrollen/representanten X som har/upplever problemet/utmaningen</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Intressentrollen är en representant för en eller flera olika grupper. Är det tydligt vilken denna grupp är? Borde det finnas fler eller andra typer av representanter?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Konsekvenskedja och möjlig negativ </span><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">I</span><span style="font-size: large;">nverkan</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Problemet är en del av en konsekvenskedja som kan leda till ett antal möjliga negativa effekter enligt: A--> B --> C + D</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">A</span><span style="font-size: large;">ktören/Intressentrollen som är direkt kopplad till lösningen/svaret (Actor)</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Aktören är en Intressentroll som "rör vid systemet" och direkt påverkas av lösningen/funktionen och kvalitetsattributen</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="font-size: large;">En (av flera möjliga) Identifierad Möjlig Lösning/Svar (Possible </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">S</span><span style="font-size: large;">olution)</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Vilka är de viktigaste funktionerna som intressenten behöver få tillgång till för att kunna verka i sin roll på bästa sätt? Vilka "knappar" ska det Automatiska Systemet ha? Vad vill rollen kunna göra med det Automatiska Systemet? Ex: "Voteringssystemet (VS) ska kunna ge mig möjlighet att <funktion>..."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Rational/Konsekvenskedja, Nytta och positiva </span><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">E</span><span style="font-size: large;">ffekter för lösningen </span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Den rekommenderade funktionen/lösningen skulle kunna ha följande nytta/positiva EFFEKT och lösningskedja, vilket förklarar varför intressenten tror att funktionen är en lösning på problemen - Rationalen för /förklaringen av funktionen</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Nöjdhetsvillkor för lösningen (</span><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">C</span><span style="font-size: large;">onditions/terms of Satisfaction, "Good-enough Measurement")</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Hur vet man att Funktionen är en succée? Vilka Kvalitetskrav har intressenten på själva funktionen/lösningen?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Prioritera funktionerna enligt </span><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">K</span><span style="font-size: large;">ANO: Basic - Linear - Exciter + (ev. kort motivering)</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Basic: MÅSTE finnas med för att det ska fungera (ex: Broms och Ratt i en bil) Linear: ju mer desto bättre! (ex: batteritiden på en telefon) Exciter: Det som får alla att bli helt lyriska (ex: kamera i mobiltelefonen 2006) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">F</span><span style="font-size: large;">löde/scenario/"sekvens av aktiviteter/aktioner"</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Vilket flöde är funktionen en del av eller representerar? Vilka steg sker/vad utförs i samband med lösningen/funktionen?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/kyfnwe8ma12fg89/THINK%21_SPRIASECK-F_SVENSKA.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Svensk pdf version</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/fgmftb3wsnmyqta/think%21_SPRIASECK-F_ENGELSKA.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Engelsk pdf version</a></span></div>
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